Author Topic: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors  (Read 23381 times)

ShawOfficial

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Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« on: January 08, 2016, 05:00:20 pm »
I am always interested in cleaning up my mix as far as possible.
Eq-ing each instrument can only take you so far.
Too much of Stereo Imaging can ruin a track.
Few people have suggested compression.
And to be honest I've never really used Compressors.
Could anyone tell me what kind of settings(such as Threshold,Ratio,etc.) I could tweak to get a cleaner sound
I have very basic knowledge on how Compressors work.
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auvic

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #1 on: January 08, 2016, 05:11:44 pm »
Of course, EQ-ing takes up majority of getting a clean mix, but it seems like you're looking for the extra 10% to clean your track up.

Compressors can reduce the dynamics of an instrument and can get one to sound smoother, punchier, or even just plain louder. There is usually a pre-EQ, then a compressor, and a slight post-EQ. As in terms of cleaning up a mix, they can really do that by stabilizing crazy dynamics, such as the attack of a clean guitar.

As far as the parameters go and how to apply them on specific instruments, that's something we need tangible examples for. There are always general guidelines for specific instruments, but in this day and age, there is so much more room to do things in different ways.

The threshold is the level of where the compressor will start to work--it anything above that threshold line will be compressed. The Ratio will decide how much everything above the threshold will be compressed. For example, a 1:1 ratio will not compress anything.

The attack is how much time the compressor will delay its activation. You can use this to shape transients (this is considered a bit old-school now that there are transient shapers out there, but still, of course, extreme viable). The release is how fast the compressor level returns back to 0db (this is a bit harder to explain without visual cues), but a faster release time will make it louder and sharper, and a longer release time will make it sound smoother and have a lot more volume ducking (provided dynamics are insane).


This is a simple formula of how it all works. Note that the output is not affected by a post-gain.

DV_

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #2 on: January 08, 2016, 06:32:23 pm »
Compressor is not a tool I would suggest using to get a 'clean' mix and also, it is one of the most misused mixing tools. Compressor is a tool that enables you to control dynamics of your audio file. Let's say you have a vocal that has the last few words of a phrase louder (example: this phrase is VERY LOUD - you could use a compressor to make it like: this phrase is very loud - you could also do the same by some simple automation). There are of course, many more ways and reasons to use a compressor like emphasizing attacks of transients and so on.

Anyhow, a compressor is a very useful tool for controlling audio dynamics, but the MOST important tool to get a 'clean' mix are your faders - if your levels are not set good, no amount of EQ or compression can help you. After you set your levels,  you can jump to EQuing elements and making them sit together nicely.

If you are only starting to learn compression, before even opening a compressor on a channel, ask yourself: why am I using a compressor here and what am I trying to achieve with compression on this particular sound/audio clip.

You also asked about various settings you could use and my advice is: don't listen to everything someone tells you - for example I can write: use 30ms attack and 200 ms release on a kickdrum - you open a project, try it and it sucks, why? Well it's because all the settings are really program dependent. That settings might work for one kick drum but will sound bad on 10 others. What I'm trying to say, if someone tells you use X settings on X sound - use it only as a guideline or a starting point. Listen to what happens when you change the settings and focus on hearing how certain parameters affect the sound.

If you need information about various compressor parameters or anything else I'll gladly share my opinion / post some links.
Hope I helped.
« Last Edit: January 08, 2016, 06:41:46 pm by DV_ »

clearskys

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #3 on: January 08, 2016, 06:40:55 pm »
If you are only starting to learn compression, before even opening a compressor on a channel, ask yourself: why am I using a compressor here and what am I trying to achieve with compression on this particular sound/audio clip..

Yeah, unless you're looking to blur the lines between your instruments, compressors won't help you achieve greater element separation. Compressors glue your sounds together into a more cohesive unit. Like DV_ said, make sure to get your levels right, EQ, reverb, and other spacial parameters correct. Once you can make a clear distinction between most of your instruments, then you're on your way to a clean mix. More often than not, there's two things that automatically make a mix sound "clean":

1. The low end kick-bass relationship (40-120hz)
2. The muddy zone (250-450hz) - this makes your mix sound boxy and often is the culprit of your gripe.

Have those 2 sorted out and then move on to other higher level things. Try to listen to an element within the context of the mix, and not solo'd. EQ guidelines serves as just that, and are not steadfast rules to abide by.

Best of luck!
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mixengineer

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #4 on: January 08, 2016, 06:47:39 pm »
The attack is how much time the compressor will delay its activation... *snip*
The release is how fast the compressor level returns back to 0db... *snip*

This is simply not true.  Please see the "understanding compression" thread.

auvic

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #5 on: January 09, 2016, 12:08:19 am »
The attack is how much time the compressor will delay its activation... *snip*
The release is how fast the compressor level returns back to 0db... *snip*

This is simply not true.  Please see the "understanding compression" thread.

No, I explained it very shitty there. You explained it perfectly in that thread, I always have trouble explaining this bit

Bjorn_Akesson

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #6 on: January 09, 2016, 12:12:06 am »
I disagree with compression not being a cleaning tool. It depends however we define "cleaning up". With compression you smooth things out and have elements pop out of the mix resulting in a better defined mixdown and less messy. In the end it's all about several smart decisions made to get a great clean mix.

Settings really depends on the sound, you have to experiment with the settings till you get the best one. As mentioned above, compression is one one of the most misused tool. Always make sure the input level matches the output level on the compressor. Once you have your settings, bypass it on and off to see if it makes things better. If things sounds worse, redo or completely remove.
« Last Edit: January 09, 2016, 12:17:17 am by Bjorn_Akesson »

DV_

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #7 on: January 09, 2016, 01:43:03 pm »
@ShawOfficial here are some links that might help you understand compression better:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0G-y9TUVhw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2CxMCkvml8

Dichotomy

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #8 on: January 09, 2016, 09:13:17 pm »
Compressors are a mathematical representation of what membranes to do loud sound... they apply a dampening force at a certain amount (ratio) once a threshold is exceeded.

For cleaning up sound, you want to be looking into multi-band compressors, and they are a great way to highlight the particular characteristics of an instrument or voice. See the Multi-band Compressors thread (http://theproducersforum.com/index.php?topic=454.0)... someone might drop hints of how they use them.
« Last Edit: January 09, 2016, 09:16:23 pm by Dichotomy »

iAmXan

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Re: Cleaning Mix Using Compressors
« Reply #9 on: January 10, 2016, 03:03:49 am »
Compressor is not a tool I would suggest using to get a 'clean' mix and also, it is one of the most misused mixing tools. Compressor is a tool that enables you to control dynamics of your audio file.

While I agree that the compressor is one of the most misused mixing tools, I would actually state it is an excellent tool in creating a 'clean mix'--especially that of the multi-band variation.  As you imply, it is very misused and beginners will find themselves facing a very lifeless mix when pushing the compressor too far.

However, if used correctly, it can shape sounds (or a frequency range of a sound) far more dynamically to fit your tastes than an EQ.  Compressors are not limited to the 'permanent' nature of the EQ (an automation derivative up ahead) and can be used to place sounds more comfortably in your mix.

Allow me to illustrate: Say you are doing a remix and you are given raw guitar stems.  These guitar stems sound great in your mix--you have them EQed just the way you like and you generally happy with them--except for a few sections where the low-mid range of the guitar seems to just jump sporadically in volume and causes the mix to become temporarily muddy. 

One could slap on an EQ and cut the offending frequencies, sure, but that low-mid range cut would apply to the rest of the song thereby causing the guitar to sound thin at the other sections.  You could automate it so that the EQ only applies to certain sections of the song.  Sure, but that is very time consuming and the jump in volume isn't always identical; you would have to adjust the EQ cut for every different jump, copy, paste, etc.  Again, time consuming.

A very popular method among engineers is to take a multiband compressor and isolate the offending frequency range.  By carefully applying compression in the key areas, you can maintain a tasteful balance throughout the track.  This is just one example of applying the multiband compressor to achieve a clean mix.  I hope it helps.